Surah fatiha ki tafseer aur dilchasp maloomat

Maqam e nuzool

Aaiye surah fatiha yani Quran majeed ki pehli surah ke bare main imaan ko taza karne wali maloomat ko jante hain

Aksar olama ke nazdeek "Surah fatiha" Makkah mukarramah mein nazil hui Hai imam mujahid rahmatullah alaih farmate Hain ke "Surah fatiha" madinah munawwarah mein nazil hui Hai Aur ek qaul yeh Hai "Surah fatiha" 2 martaba nazil hui ek martaba Makka mukarrama mein aur dusri martaba madina munawwara mein nazil hui Hai (khazin tafseer Surah fatiha)

aur surah fatiha ke mutalliq Sarkar ala hazrat imam Ahmad raza rahmatullah alaih farmate Hain ke Surah fatiha ke nuzool ke bare mein 3 aqwal Hain

Qaul awwal = yeh Surah Makka mukarrama mein hijrat se pehle nazil hui baaz olama kiram farmate Hain ke Surah fatiha sabse pehle nazil hui

Hadees main hai jiska urdu mafhoom yeh hai amru bin sharjeel se manqool hai ke hazrat Nabi Kareem sallallahu Alaihi wasallam ek roz hazrat khadija Radi Allahu anha se farmaya ke jab mein tanhai mein baithta Hun To gaibi aawaz sunta hun ismein "iqra" kaha jata hai iski khabar jab warqa bin noufal ko Diya Gaya (joki hazrat khadija Radi Allahu anha Ke rishte mein Bhai the) warqa ne kaha jab Kabhi yeh awaaz Aaye To aap itminan se sune Uske bad hazrat jibrail alaihissalam hazir e khidmat huye aur arz kiya padhiye 'bismillahir rahmanir Rahim alhamdulillahi rabbil alamin' is riwayat se maloom hua ke "Surah fatiha" sabse pehle nazil hui Hai lekin dusri riwayat se maloom hota hai ki sabse pehle "Surah iqra" nazil hui Hai

Qaul Dom = Surah fatiha hijrat ke baad madina Munawwara mein nazil hui

Qaul som = Surah fatiha hijrat se pehle Makka mukarrama mein aur hijrat ke baad madina tayyaba mein dobara nazil hui isliye is Surat ko 'Saba ul masani' (yani ek se ziyada baar nazil hone Wali) kehte Hain is se hamare aaqa sallallahu Alaihi wasllam ki azmat wa rif'at Ka pata chalta Hai kyunki aayat qurani hamare aaqa sallallahu alaihi wasallam ke liye tohfa e rabbani hai

Surah fatiha mein kitne ruku Aur aayat Hain unki tadad

Is Surat mein ek ruku Aur saat aayaten Hain

Surah fatiha ke asma yani naam aur unki wajah tasmiya yani naam rakhne Ka sabab

is Surat ke mutaddit yani bahut se naam Hain Aur naamon Ka ziyada Hona iski fazilat aur Sharf ki daleel hai

iske kuchh mashhur asma naamon Ki vajah tasmiya yeh Hain

1) 'Surah fatiha' se Quran paak Ki tilawat shuru ki jaati hai aur isi Surat se Quran paak likhne ki ibtida ki jaati hai isliye ise "fatiha Tul kitab" yani kitab Ki ibteda karne wali kehte Hain

2) is Surat ki ibtida "alhamdulillah" se hui is Munasibat se ise "soorathul hamd" yani woh Surat jismein Allah tala ki hamd bayan ki gai hai kehte Hain

3,4) "Surah fatiha" Quran pak ki asal Hai is Bina per ise "ummul Quran" aur "ummul kitab" kehte Hain

5) yeh Surat namaz Ki Har rakaat mein padhi jaati Hai ya yeh Surat do matrtaba nazil hui Hai is vajah se ise 'sab ul masani' yani bar bar padhi jaane wali ya ek se zaaid martaba nazil hone Wali 7 aayaten Kaha jata hai

6,7,8) deen Ke buniyadi umoor ka jaame hone ki wajah se Surah fatiha ko 'Surat ul kanz' 'Surat ul wafiya' aur Surat ul kafiya' kehte Hain

8,9) 'Shifa' Ka baais hone ki wajah se ise 'Surat us shifa' Aur 'Surat us shafiya' kehte Hain

11,12,13,14,15) 'dua' per Mushtamil hone ki wajah se ise 'Suratul dua' 'Surat talimul mas ala' 'Surat us sawal' 'sooratul munajaat' aur 'Surat ul tafweed' bhi Kaha jata hai

(Khazin madarik ruhul ma'aani)

Mujhe ummid hai ise padh kar apki maloomat main izafa zaroor hua hoga